Dana Vrajitoru
C151 Multi-User Operating Systems
Web Servers and Pages
Each web server has a specific name for the main directory of the web pages.
Each user of that server can create a directory with that name in their account
and that will be the home of their starting page.
Examples:
- for our labs, it is public_html.
- for the OIT account (the M: drive), it is simply html.
- others: main_html, website_html, www, etc.
A server also defines a default name to be given to the starting page in
any directory.
- for us: index.html
- for the OIT accounts: homepage.html
Page Identification
The default starting page in the default directory is identified by the user
name in that domain.
Example: user name: danav
Web address of my user name in the cs domain:
http://www.cs.iusb.edu/~danav/
File identified by that address:
/home/danav/public_html/index.html
Any subdirectory can be accessed by adding its name to the main address:
/home/danav/public_html/teach/c151/index.html
http://www.cs.iusb.edu/~danav/teach/c151/
Any other file than the one with the default name is identified by adding
the relative path and the file name to the main address:
/home/danav/public_html/teach/c151/hw9.html
http://www.cs.iusb.edu/~danav/teach/c151/hw9.html
Introduction to HTML
HTML stands for HyperText Meta Language.
An html document (page) contains text and some tags specifying the format.
A tag is a format specification that is applied to the entire text enclosed
by <tag> and </tag>. Any text between <! and > is considered
a comment and will not appear on the screen.
A document must start with the tag <html> and end with </html>.
It is composed of a header and a body.
<html>
<head> ... </head>
<body> ... </body>
</html>
Examples of things found in the head:
<title>My web page</title>
Simple Formatting Tags
- New line:
- <br>
- New paragraph
- <p>
- Horizontal rule
- <hr>
- Blockquote (indented to the interior)
- <blockquote> ...text... </blockquote>
Headings: text to be displayed in a bigger font and usually bold
heading 1 <h1> ... </h1>
heading 2 <h2> ... </h2>
etc.
Text properties:
- bold
- <b> ... </b>
- italics
- <i> ... </i>
- centered
- <center> ... </center>
Whitespace doesn't matter in a web page.
Lists
Lists in html can be of 3 types: unordered, ordered, definition.
Unordered lists:
<UL>
<LI>Monday
<LI>Tuesday
</UL>
Ordered lists:
<OL>
<LI>Monday
<LI>Tuesday
</OL>
Definition lists:
<DL>
<DT>Do
<DD>a deer, a female deer
<DT>Re
<DD>a drop of golden sun
</DL>
Tables
Delimited bt the tags <table> ... </table>
Each table row is delimited by <tr> ... </tr>
Each table cell is delimited by <td> ... </td>
The table tag can specify some things about the table format, as
<table border=1 align=center>
Links and Images
A link is a hypertext link to another file, to a position in a page, or can
also provide an email address:
<a href="http://www.cs.iusb.edu/~danav"> Dana V. </a>
<a href="mailto:danav@cs.iusb.edu"> Dana V. </a>
Inserting an image in the page:
<img src="./cat.jpg">
Example